Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

K. S. Kumara ¹, S. L. Belagali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Sri Siddhartha First Grade College, Maralur, Tumkur-572105, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The Tumkur city sewage samples were analysed between February 2007 and January 2008 at six sampling points symbolised as residential area (S₁), business centre (S₂), slum (S₃), converging point (S₄), open drain (S₅) and treated sewage (S₆) to assess the bacterial density and concentration of some heavy metals. The results revealed the presence of maximum bacterial population in June, and minimum in January. Systematic sampling and quantitative analysis of heavy metals such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium, manganese and Iron have been carried out and an attempt was made to correlate heavy metal concentration to bacterial population in sewage. The bacterial population declined notably in treated sewage.

Keywords

Sewage, Heavy Metals, Coliform Bacteria.

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K. S. Geetha ¹, S. L. Belagali ¹

Affiliations
1 DOS in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Dyes and heavy metals can be removed from industrial effluents by a wide range of physical and chemical processes available. Among these, adsorption method is one of the most common. In this work, garlic husk has been used, a cheap adsorbent, to remove Patton and Reeder's indicator, Solochrome black-T, crystal violet, murexide, basic fuchsineand potassiumpermanganate bybatch process. Effect of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and the concentrations of dyes has been studied, which showed the cent percent removal of dyes and heavy metals.

Keywords

Dyes, Heavy Metals, Adsorption, Garlic Husk.

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N. S. Bagade ¹, S. L. Belagali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580 001, Karnataka, IN
2 DOS in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore, IN

Abstract

The physicochemical and microbiological studies on water and sediments of Lakes Kelageri, Salakinakoppa, Navalur, Nuggikeri and Neersagar were carried out. Most of the physicochemical characteristics are within the permissible limits of BIS and WHO standards for drinking water except Salakinakoppa lake. Some samples were found to be highly contaminated with coliforms including E. coli. In all the lakes, some species of zooplankton were recorded. This investigation brought to the limelight that except Neersagar lake, the water of other lakes is unsuitable for drinking purposes but useful for agricultural and domestic purposes. The heavy metals such as iron, copper, lead, manganese, zinc, cadmium and magnesium were analysed in the water and sediment samples of the above lakes using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results revealed that by and large, all the metals except cadmium were present in the samples in various concentrations. The nutrients like N, P, K, etc. were also found in the samples.

Keywords

Lakes Around Dharwad, Water Quality, Microbiological Studies, Heavy Metals, Sediments.

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Azadeh Taghinia Hejabi ¹, S. L. Belagali ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The Kabini river, a confluence of the Panamaram and Mananthavady rivers, originate from Wynad district of Kerala and flows into the Bay of Bengal. It is passing from the Nanjangud industrial area, which is known as a "toxic hot spot" due to the heavy loads of metals and organic compounds discharging from various industries, mostly settle down at bottom of the river. To determine metal content of the Kabini river sediments, five samples were collected along its main course. All the samples were analysed for six heavy metals (Cd⁺², Cr⁺³, Cu⁺², Pb⁺² and Ni⁺², Fe⁺³) and ten physico-chemical characteristics (pH, EC, water holding capacity, Ca⁺², Mg⁺², Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^-, NH₄⁺, %organic carbon). The highest levels of copper were detected in the industrial area point, while for chromium, it was in downstream site. The lowest amount of lead was determined in upstream locations, whereas nickel and iron were found in industrial area site. Total amounts of heavy metal contaminant, however, were below the maximum permissible limits.

Keywords

Kabini River, Sediments, Heavy Metals, Physico-Chemical, Characteristics.

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Mohammad Nasser Modoodi ¹, S. L. Belagali ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine 18 pesticide residues in water samples collected from irrigated agricultural farmlands around Mysore city, Karnataka, India. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography consisting of electron capture detector to look for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and flame photometric detector for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Seven pesticides were detected in water samples namely aldrin, dieldrin, a-HCH, b-HCH, g-HCH, 2,4-DDD and endosulfan-1. All the detected pesticides in water samples were in low concentrations. Pond and bore well water samples had no pesticide residues. Among organochlorine pesticides, present in farm water samples, a-HCH and g-HCH were more frequently found followed by 2,4-DDD. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were detected in any water samples.

Keywords

Pesticide Residues, Water Pollution, Agricultural Water, Gas Chromatography.

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K. S. Kumara ¹, S. L. Belagali ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Sewage is domestic waste enriched with nutrients and plays vital role in water pollution. Tumkur city sewage studies were conducted during summer and monsoon (Feb. 2007 to Sept. 2007) for temperature, pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, BOD, COD, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, nitrate and phosphate from six sampling points namely residential area (S₁), business centre (S₂), slum (S₃), converging point (S₄), open drain (S₅) and treated (S₆). The results revealed that the EC, chloride, hardness, TDS, alkalinity and acidity were decreased, whereas pH and DO values increased in the treated sewage. The significance of closed, open drainage, converging and treated sewage chemistry results are discussed in light of the recent literature. The low cost treatment measures are suggested to reduce BOD and nutrient levels of the sewage.

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Mohammad Nasser Modoodi ¹, S. L. Belagali ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A survey was conducted to examine the pesticide residues in some soil samples collected from irrigated agricultural farmlands around Mysore city, Karnataka, India. These samples were analysed by gas chromatography consisting of electron capture detector (ECD) to analyse the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and flame photometric detector (FPD) for analysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). OCPs consist of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), endosulfan, DDT and its metabolite DDE which were detected in all the soil samples, and their total concentration range from > 64.27μg/g to 4504.18μg/g. Among all the pesticides, endosulfan had the highest concentration, followed by HCH with an order of endosulfan > HCH > DDE > DDT. The regional concentration of residues was as follows: east > west > south > north. DDT residues were absent in western part of the city and the concentration of other pesticides except endosulfan was quite low. DDT concentrations indicate no new input or very low new applications of this pesticide in these soils, while the high concentration of endosulfan may show new input of pesticides like dimethoate, malathion, parathion, monocrotophos, fenoprop etc. in these farmlands. No detectable organophosphorus pesticides were found in the soil samples. The main source of contamination was related to human activities, such as agricultural chemical applications.

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